The Slovak Republic was established on 1 January 1993 as one of the successors to the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. It is a parliamentary democracy and its Constitution guarantees equal rights for all citizens regardless of sex, race, colour of the skin, language, creed and religion, political or another opinion, national or social origin, nationality or ethnic origin, property, descent or any other status.

State Bodies

The National Council of the Slovak Republic is a unicameral parliament and the country's main legislative body. The National Council has 150 members elected for 4-year terms in direct elections. The electoral system is proportional representation. Parties are allocated seats in the Parliament according to the percentage share of the votes they get in parliamentary elections. Only a party with at least 5% of votes can obtain seats in the Parliament.

The President of the Slovak Republic is the Head of State elected for a 5-year term in direct two-round elections. The same person can be elected President for a maximum of two consecutive 5-year terms.

The Government of the Slovak Republic is the highest tier of executive power and consists of the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers. The Government is formed on the basis of parliamentary elections (the last one held in February 2020). The Prime Minister is appointed and can be dismissed by the President. Upon the advice of the Prime Minister, the President appoints and dismisses other members of the Government. The Government is collectively responsible for the exercise of governmental powers to the Parliament, which may hold a vote of no confidence at any time. The Parliament can hold a vote of no confidence to a single member of the Government, too.

Other constitutional bodies are the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic, the General Prosecutor, the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic and the Supreme Audit Office of the Slovak Republic.

The state administration power is mostly executed on the central level. The central bodies have lower – regional – levels. If needed, local state administration authorities establish other authorities and offices in regions.